“Mar” Abbreviation of "magar" (except/unless)/ the Characteristics of Style

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD holder in Farsi literature, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.

2 PhD student of Persian language and literature, Faculty of Persian language and literature, Ilam University, Iran

Abstract

One of the mysteries that has always been raised in dictionaries and stylistics books is the use of the word "mar" in ancient texts. This word appears in dictionaries in such a way that uncertainty has been expressed about its definitive meaning, and only by considering evidence and context have they attempted to find its semantic boundaries. Upon examining dictionaries, no firm meaning was found for it. In Bahar's stylistics book, no definitive information is given about this word, and it deals with semantic boundaries and conjecture. This essay, with due research caution, proposes that "mar" in all instances can be an abbreviation of "magar" (except/unless). Just as "ar" is an abbreviation of "agar" (if). This "mar" (abbreviated form of magar) is still used in today's local dialects. In Kurdish, Laki, Luri, and Bakhtiari dictionaries, "mar" is considered an abbreviation of "magar" (except/unless). Furthermore, "magar" (except/unless) has been used in ancient texts in various meanings such as emphasis, doubt, question, exception, limitation, etc. Precisely, "mar" has also been used in these meanings. The present research, based on various examples, aims to seek and prove this matter.

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