Oblique case in Talishi: Evidence from case syncretism, polysemi and grammaticalization

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 (PhD), Lecturer at Tehran University of Medical Sciences

2 (PhD), Buali Sinā University

Abstract

Syncretism is a common process among inflectional languages. This happens when different grammatical cases are encoded through a single phonological unit. Although some linguists have consensus on its being accidental, from a diachronic viewpoint, the related phonological form is the remnant of a multi-member case system which according to the authors, despite the formal and functional distinctions, they may have a common semantic nucleus. This contribution bears an attemt to investigate the various semantic roles represented by oblique case in Talishi. We try to ascribe the present syncretism to polysemi and introduce the genitive case as the nucleus meaning which has undergone metaphorical extension. Following the lines of Heine et al (1991) and Malchukov and Narrog`s (2009) semantic map, we argue that the process of metaphorical extension and therefore polysemi of cases emerge within grammaticalization process

Keywords

References

رضایتی کیشه­خاله، م. 1384. «ارگتیو در گویش  تالشی»، گویش­شناسی، (1): 41-52.
کنت، ر.گ. 1384. فارسی باستان. ترجمۀ س. عریان، تهران: پژوهشکدۀ زبان و گویش سازمان میراث فرهنگی.
نغزگوی کهن، م. 1373. بررسی گویش تالشی،پایان­نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد، رشتة زبان­شناسی همگانی، دانشگاه تهران.
ـــــــــــــــ.. 1387. «چگونگی شناسایی موارد دستوری­شدگی در فارسی جدید»، دستور، (4): 3-24.
ــــــــــــــــ.. 1389. «چگونگی شناسایی موارد دستوری­شدگی»، پژوهش­های زبان­شناسی تطبیقی (2): 149-165.
ــــــــــــــــ.. 1392. «نقش پس­اضافه­ها در اعطای حالت (مطالعه­ای موردی در گویش تالشی)»، زبان­ها و گویش­های ایرانی، (3): 111-132.
نغزگوی کهن، م. و م. راسخ مهند. 1391. «دستوری­شدگی و بسط استعاری»، پژوهش­های زبانی، 3 (1): 117-134.
همایون، ه. 1379. واژه­نامۀ زبان­شناسی و علوم وابسته، تهران: پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی.
Blake, B.J. 2004. Case (second edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Delbecque, N. & B Lamiroy. 1996. Towards a typology of the Spanish dative. In W.V. Belle & W. V. Langendonck (eds.), The Dative: V.1: Descriptive studies: 73–118. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Dixon, R.W.M. 1994. Ergativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Evans, N. D. 1995. A Grammar of Kayardild. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter.
Haspelmath, M. 1999. External possession in a European areal perspective. In Doris L. Payne & Immanuel Barshi (eds.), External possession. (Typological Studies in Language,(39): 109–135. Amsterdam/Philadelpha: Benjamins.
 .ـــــــــــ2009. Terminology of Case. In: Andrei Malchukov & Andrew Spencer (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Case,Oxford: Oxford University Press 
Havers, W. 1911. Untersuchungen zur Kasussyntax der indogermanischen Sprachen. Straßburg: Verlag von Karl J. Trübner.
Heine, B. 1997. Possession: Cognitive sources, forces, and grammaticalization. New York: Cambridge University Press.
ـــــــــــ. 2009. Grammaticalization of Case. In: Andrei Malchukov & Andrew Spencer (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Case, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Heine, B., U. Claudi, and F. Hünnemeyer. 1991. Grammaticalization: A conceptual framework. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Janda, L. 1993. A Geography of Case Semantics: The Czech Dative and the Russian Instrumental.
König, Ekkehard & Haspelmath, Martin. 1997. Les constructions a` possesseur externe dans les langues de l‟Europe. In Jack Feuillet (ed.), Actance et Valence dans les langues de l’Europe: 525–606. Berlin: Mouton.          
Lambert, S.  2010. Beyond recipients: Towards a typology of dative uses. Ph.D. dissertation, the University at Buffalo, State University of New York.
Lander, Y. 2009. Varieties of Genitive. In: Andrei Malchukov & Andrew Spencer (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Case, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Langacker, R. W. 1995. Possession and Possessive Constructions. In J. R. Taylor and R. E. MacLaury (eds.). Language and the Cognitive Construal of the World. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 51–79.
Luraghy, S. 2003. On the Meaning of Prepositions and Cases. Astudy of the Expression of Semantic Roles in Ancient Greek. Amstrdam: Benjamines.
ـــــــــــ. 2009. Case in Cognitive Grammar. In: Andrei Malchukov & Andrew Spencer (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Case, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Malchukov, A. & H. Narrog. 2009. Case Ploysemy. In: Andrei Malchukov & Andrew Spencer (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Case, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Miller, B. V. 1953. Talyšskij jazyk. Moscow: Akademija Nauk.
Nikiforidou, K. 1991. “The Meaning of the Genitive”. Cognitive Linguistics, (2/2): 149–205
Partee, B. 1997. Genitives – A Case Study. Appendix to T. M. V. Janssen. ‘Compositionality’. In J.van Benthem and A. terMeulen (eds.). The Handbook of Logic and Language. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 70–464.
Schulze, W. 2000. Palangi Ahvolot: The Morphosyntax of a Northern Talysh Oral Account, Munchen.
Shibatani, M. 1994. “An integrational approach to possessor raising, ethical datives and adversative passives”. Berkeley Linguistic Society (20): 461–486.
Stassen, L. 2009. Predicative Possession. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Stilo,D.L. 1981. “The Tati Group in the Sociolinguistic Context of Northwestern Iran, Iranian Studies” (14): 137-187.
Stolz, T. 1996. “Komitativ-Typologie: MIT- und OHNE-Relationen im crosslinguistischen. Überblick”. Papiere zur Linguistik, (51) 1: 3–65
Persian Language and Iranian Dialects
Volume 2, Issue 1 - Serial Number 3
Serial 3
July 2017
Pages 65-97

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics