Transitivity in Persian based on the Minimalist Approach

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Abstract

In this article, it is argued that there is a functional category Tr (Transitivity) located between Pr (Predicate) and V (Verb) which is present in all transitive sentences in the Persian language, regardless of whether they are transitive active, passive or middle. Tr may contain a probe with (object) -features and assign accusative Case. In Persian, like other languages, as Bowers (2002) claims, in contrast to Pr, Tr does not assign a theta-role in its specifier position. Hence, the functions of the traditional light verb category "v" are split between Pr and Tr in Persian, like other languages studied by bowers (2002). Empirical evidence from Persian supports this claim as those from other languages studied by Bowers (2002), such as English, Russian, Scottish Gaelic, Icelandic, Ukrainian, and German. It seems that this approach can analyze the Persian data in an appropriate way.

Keywords


جباری، م. ج. 1382. «تفاوت مجهول در زبان فارسی و انگلیسی». زبان‌شناسی، (35): 78-94.
حق­بین، ف. 1382.  نظام تعدی، رسالة دکتری. تهران: دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
دبیرمقدم، م. 1364. «مجهول در زبان فارسی». زبان‌شناسی، 2(1): 31-46.
راسخ­مهند، م. 1391. «لازم و متعدی در فارسی». دستور، (8): 169-187.
طبیب­زاده، ا. 1380. «تحلیل وابسته­های نحویِ فعل در زبان فارسی براساس نظریۀ ظرفیت واژگانی». زبان‌شناسی، سال 16، 1(31): 47-76.
مشکوه­الدینی، م . 1366. دستور زبان فارسی بر پایۀ نظریۀ گشتاری، مشهد: دانشگاه فردوسی.
Barjasteh, D. 1983. “Morphology, Syntax and Semantics of Persian Compound Verbs: a lexicalist approach”. Urbana, University of Illinois.
Bowers, J. 1993. “The Syntax of Predication”. Linguistic Inquiry, 24, 591-652.
Bowers, J. 2001. “Predication”. In M. Baltin and C. Collins (Eds.) ‘The Handbook of Contemporary Syntactic Theory’. Pp. 299-333, Blackwell Publishers Inc.
Bowers, J. 2002. “Transitivity”. Linguistic Inquiry, 33, 183-224
Collins, C. 2003. “The Internal Structure of VP in Julhoansi”. Studia Linguistica, 57 (1) pp. 1-25. Dabir-Moghaddam, M. 1982 . “Passive in Persian”. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences, 12.1, 63-90.
Karimi, S. 2005. A Minimalist Approach to Scrambling Evidence from Persian. Mouton de Gruyter Publications, Berlin. Germany.
Keenan, E. 1985. “Predicate formation rules in Universal Grammar”. WCCFL, 4, 123-38.
Larson, R. (1988). “On the double object constructin”. Linguistic Inquiery, 19: 91-335.
Marants, A. 1984. On the Nature of Grammatical Relations. Cambridge, MIT Press. Moyne, J. 1974. “The so-called Passive in Persian”. Foundations of Language, 12: 246 - 267.
Ono, K. 1999. “Intransitive-Transitive phrase Pairs in Japanese”. Theoretical Linguistics Journal, 25 (1), 15-29. Perlmutter, D. 1978 . “Impersonal Passives and Unaccusitive Hypothesis”. In Proceedings of the Forth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley linguistics Society, Berkeley: University of California.
 Radford, A. 2004 . Minimalist Syntax: Exploring the Structure of English. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. Slabakova, R. 2003. “Semantics and Morphological Reflexes of Functional Category”. The Case of Telicity Marking in Russian. In  Proceedings of the 6th Generative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Conference (GASL 2002), ed. J. M. Liceras et al. 284-97- London.
Williams, E. 1981. “Argument structure and morphology”.TLR 1, 81-114.